Current institutions for managing SPS issues in international trade -- Discussion of issues related to SPS management in international trade -- 1. Historical and social science perspectives on the role of risk assessment and science in protecting the domestic economy: some background / G. Edward Schuh -- Historical perspective on protectionism -- A perspective on risk assessment -- The importance of adjustment policies -- Part I Agricultural trade, risk assessment, and the role of culture in risk management -- 2. Sanitary and phytosanitary risk management in the post-Uruguay round era: an economic perspective / Donna Roberts -- The SPS agreement: origin and principal provisions -- Cost-benefit analysis of SPS regulations -- Is the SPS agreement congruent with executive branch guidelines? -- 3. An overview of risk assessment / John D. Stark -- Risk and trade barriers -- What is risk assessment? -- Selecting toxicological endpoints: what do we evaluate? -- Deterministic risk assessment -- Probabilistic risk assessment -- Protecting humans, plants, and wildlife -- Risk assessment of genetically engineered organisms -- How can we be fooled? unprovable risks -- Future problems -- Scientific arguments about risk assessment -- 4. Technological risk and cultures of rationality / Sheila Jasanoff -- Dimensions of cross-national variance -- Varieties of cultural explanation -- Part II. Political and ecological economy -- 5. Biological impacts of species invasions: implications for policy makers / Karen Goodell, Ingrid M. Parker, Gregory S. Gilbert -- Impact from an anthropocentric perspective-- Case Study 1. The grape root louse phylloxera -- The importance of recognizing and regulating vectors -- Vectors -- Impact from an ecological perspective -- Case Study 2. The mosquito fish -- When anthropocentric and ecological perspectives clash -- Predicting outcomes of species introductions -- Case Study 3. The crayfish plague and the signal crayfish -- Limits to prediction when species interact synergistically -- Setting priorities for management of invasive species -- 6. Risk management and the world trading system: regulating international trade distortions caused by national sanitary and phytosanitary policies / David G. Victor -- The SPS agreement: major elements -- International standards -- Other WTO agreements: GATT 1994 and the TBT agreement -- The system at work: three cases -- Analysis of the system at work -- 7. Accounting for consumers' preferences in international trade rules / Jean-Christophe Bureau, Stephan Marette -- Sanitary and technical barriers -- Technical and cultural differences and domestic regulations -- Accounting for consumer concerns -- What are the solutions for reconciling consumer concerns and international trade rules? -- Economic analysis and the settlement of disputes -- 8. Case study 1: meat slaughtering and processing practices -- The Danish approach to food safety issues related to pork products / Bent Nielsen -- Danish consumers' perspectives on food safety -- Consumer requirements of Danish meat -- Welfare -- An update on the Danish salmonella reduction program -- International harmonization under the SPS agreement / Bruce A. Silverglade -- 9. Case study 2: plant quarantines and Hass avocados -- Role of science in solving pest quarantine problems: Hass avocado case study / Walther Enkerlin Hoeflich -- General considerations -- The Hass avocado case: a political science perspective / David Vogel -- 10. Case study 3: genetically modified organisms -- An overview of risk assessment procedures applied to genetically engineered crops / Peter Kareiva, Michelle Marvier -- Containment -- The principle of familiarity -- Small-scale risk assessment experiments -- Monitoring and a precautionary approach -- Approaches to risk and risk assessment / Paul Thompson -- Appendix. A SPS agreement.

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