Many undergraduate students choose a science degree but are not aware of how science and research work in the real world. We explain the processes of collecting, sharing and, most importantly, critical analysis of scientific research, with a focus on the life sciences. This book explains how scientific research is conceived, carried out and analysed. It outlines how research findings are constantly evolving and why that is exciting and important. Students using this textbook will learn how to design experiments, explain their data and analyse and interpret the work of others. They will learn to think about broader aspects of science, such as bias and ethics. They will gain practical skills, including understanding the use of statistical tests and how to prepare an effective presentation. Active individual and class exercises provide opportunities for students to think about difficult concepts in science and research and to include their own perspectives. Key Features: Encourages discussion and critical thinking using individual and class exercises Provides real-world examples and context for difficult concepts Allows students to assess their understanding with practical exercises and examples Documents a variety of career options and opportunities from studying science Permits students to advocate for science with suggestions for creating and sharing research.